650 lines
53 KiB
HTML
650 lines
53 KiB
HTML
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<title>Do a wifi repeater with only one wifi card and Debian – HugoPoi</title>
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<div id="primary" class="boxed-layout-header page-header header-small" data-parallax="active" ><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-md-10 col-md-offset-1 text-center"><h1 class="hestia-title entry-title">Do a wifi repeater with only one wifi card and Debian</h1><h4 class="author">Publié par <a href="/author/hugopoi/" class="vcard author"><strong class="fn">HugoPoi</strong></a> le <time class="entry-date published" datetime="2021-12-21T17:41:27+01:00" content="2021-12-21">21 décembre 2021</time></h4></div></div></div><div class="header-filter" style="background-image: url(/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/IMG_20170528_085824.jpg);"></div></div>
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<div class="single-post-wrap entry-content"><h2>Summary</h2>
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<p>I wanted to extend the range of an existing wifi access point without cables or changing the configuration. It’s a temporary installation, and I doesn’t want do buy more hardware and use what I have on hand.</p>
|
||
<h2>Hardware</h2>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>A Olimex Lime 2 board but anything running debian will work</li>
|
||
<li>An Atheros AR9271 or any wifi card that support concurrent mode operation</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h3>Wifi concurrent mode</h3>
|
||
<p>The wifi concurrent mode is a feature implemented in some drivers for wifi chipset allowing multiple virtual wlan network cards. Those can works in different mode like client station « managed » mode and access point mode at the same time.<br />
|
||
You can check about it with <code>iw list | grep 'valid interface combinations' -A3</code>.<br />
|
||
The Atheros AR9271 is compatible, but it’s a very old chipset, and only 2.4Ghz with one antenna.<br />
|
||
As reported in this <a class="wp-editor-md-post-content-link" href="https://www.0xf8.org/2016/02/using-your-raspberry-pi-zeros-usb-wifi-adapter-as-both-wifi-client-and-access-point/" title="VERY good blog post">VERY good blog post</a>, Ralink only support multiple access point but not managed+ap, Realtek doesn’t support anything. So you have Atheros chipset and Intel ones that have been reported to work.</p>
|
||
<h2>How to</h2>
|
||
<h3>0. Hardware drivers</h3>
|
||
<p>You may need to install some close source firmware for your wifi adapter for better performance or even have your wifi card working.</p>
|
||
<p>For Atheros based cards <code>apt install firmware-atheros</code> is enought.</p>
|
||
<h3>1. Setup virtuals adapters with a <code>iw</code> and a <code>udev</code> rule</h3>
|
||
<p>Insert the following into <code>/etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules</code></p>
|
||
<pre><code class="language-bash ">SUBSYSTEM=="ieee80211", ACTION=="add|change", ATTR{macaddress}=="00:11:22:33:44:55", KERNEL=="phy0", \
|
||
RUN+="/sbin/iw dev wlan0 del", \
|
||
RUN+="/sbin/iw phy phy0 interface add ap0 type __ap", \
|
||
RUN+="/sbin/iw phy phy0 interface add sta0 type station", \
|
||
RUN+="/bin/ip link set sta0 address 00:11:22:33:44:56"
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>You need to replace <code>00:11:22:33:44:55</code> with the mac address of your wifi adapter, <code>ip link</code> command should help you we that.</li>
|
||
<li>You need to replace <code>00:11:22:33:44:56</code> with the mac address of your adapter +1, or something completely random as long as sta0 and ap0 will have different mac address.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h3>2. The access point ap0 configuration</h3>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>Will use <code>hostapd</code> started by ifup script<br />
|
||
Create a file <code>/etc/network/interfaces.d/ap0.conf</code> with this content :</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<pre><code class="language-bash ">allow-hotplug ap0
|
||
iface ap0 inet manual
|
||
hostapd /etc/hostapd/repeater.conf
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<h4>2.1 The HostAPd configuration file <code>/etc/hostapd/repeater.conf</code></h4>
|
||
<pre><code class="language-bash ">interface=ap0
|
||
hw_mode=g
|
||
ieee80211n=1
|
||
wmm_enabled=1
|
||
macaddr_acl=0
|
||
auth_algs=1
|
||
ignore_broadcast_ssid=0
|
||
# you need the same channel as the client side
|
||
channel=6
|
||
#bss=hotspot0
|
||
ssid=Your_SSID
|
||
wpa=2
|
||
wpa_passphrase=yourpassphrase
|
||
wpa_key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
|
||
wpa_pairwise=TKIP
|
||
rsn_pairwise=CCMP
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><code>Your_SSID</code> can be the same as your main access point.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h3>3. The client station sta0 configuration</h3>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>Fully handle by ifup</li>
|
||
<li>I explain all the commands just below</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>Create a file <code>/etc/network/interfaces.d/sta0.conf</code> with this content :</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="language-bash ">auto sta0
|
||
allow-hotplug sta0
|
||
iface sta0 inet dhcp
|
||
wpa-conf /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf
|
||
# 3.1 Setup the bridge between the two interfaces
|
||
post-up /usr/sbin/parprouted ap0 sta0
|
||
post-down /usr/bin/killall /usr/sbin/parprouted
|
||
# clone the dhcp-allocated IP to eth0 so dhcp-helper will relay for the correct subnet
|
||
post-up /sbin/ip addr add $(/sbin/ip addr show sta0 | perl -wne 'm|^\s+inet (.*)/| && print $1')/32 dev ap0
|
||
post-down /sbin/ip addr del $(/sbin/ip addr show ap0 | perl -wne 'm|^\s+inet (.*)/| && print $1')/32 dev ap0
|
||
# 3.22 bis DHCP Server in place of relay with `dnsmasq`
|
||
# post-up /usr/sbin/dnsmasq --port=0 --interface=ap0 --dhcp-range=192.168.1.100,192.168.1.150 --dhcp-option=option:netmask,255.255.255.0 --dhcp-option=option:router,192.168.1.254 --dhcp-option=option:dns-server,80.67.169.12 --pid-file=/var/run/dnsmasq.pid
|
||
# post-down /usr/bin/kill $(cat /var/run/dnsmasq.pid)
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<p>You need a WPA supplicant config file in <code>/etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf</code></p>
|
||
<pre><code class="language-bash ">ctrl_interface=DIR=/var/run/wpa_supplicant GROUP=netdev
|
||
update_config=1
|
||
network={
|
||
ssid="Main_SSID"
|
||
psk="yourpassphrase"
|
||
}
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<h4>3.1 Setup the bridge between the two interfaces</h4>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>We need to have the layer 2, bridged between sta0 and ap0</li>
|
||
<li>As reported in <a class="wp-editor-md-post-content-link" href="https://wiki.debian.org/BridgeNetworkConnections#Bridging_with_a_wireless_NIC" title="Debian wiki">Debian wiki</a> you can use <code>ebtables</code> for doing so. But you need to know each mac address and ip connected to ap0 and add manually the entry in ebtables. So I opt in for a more all-in-one approach and bridging network connections with Proxy ARP seems more easy to do.</li>
|
||
<li><a class="wp-editor-md-post-content-link" href="https://wiki.debian.org/BridgeNetworkConnectionsProxyArp#Automating_the_Process" title="Automating the process of bridging with arp proxy">Automating the process of bridging with arp proxy</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>You need to install <code>parprouted</code> with <code>apt install parprouted</code>.</p>
|
||
<p>So now the layer 2 is ok for unicast, but broadcast will not work for dhcp request so you need dhcp relay.</p>
|
||
<h4>3.2 Dhcp Relay for Ip v4 with <code>dhcp-helper</code></h4>
|
||
<p><strong>WARNING this will not work with some dhcp very regarding about source mac address which will be the same for multiple ip address. Like Freebox v5. So might try this but if it’s not working use the 3.22</strong></p>
|
||
<p>Enable DHCP relay: <code>/etc/default/dhcp-helper</code></p>
|
||
<pre><code class="language-bash "># relay dhcp requests as broadcast to sta0
|
||
DHCPHELPER_OPTS="-b sta0"
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<h4>3.22 bis DHCP Server in place of relay with <code>dnsmasq</code></h4>
|
||
<p>If DHCP relay isn’t working, we just need to add a DHCP Server listening on <code>ap0</code> to deliver some ips outside of the main range.<br />
|
||
1. <code>apt install dnsmasq</code><br />
|
||
2. uncomment this 2 lines in <code>/etc/network/interfaces.d/sta0.conf</code></p>
|
||
<pre><code class="language-bash ">post-up /usr/sbin/dnsmasq --port=0 --interface=ap0 --dhcp-range=192.168.1.100,192.168.1.150 --dhcp-option=option:netmask,255.255.255.0 --dhcp-option=option:router,192.168.1.254 --dhcp-option=option:dns-server,80.67.169.12 --pid-file=/var/run/dnsmasq.pid
|
||
post-down /usr/bin/kill $(cat /var/run/dnsmasq.pid)
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<h3>4. IPv6 support</h3>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>I haven’t successfully made ipv6 work but I leave some clues here.</li>
|
||
<li>You need 2 things for ipv6 to work, a mean to deliver some address and a way to do arp for the layer 2 aka Neighbor Discovery Protocol.</li>
|
||
<li>I found this article very helpfull <a class="wp-editor-md-post-content-link" href="http://mkaczanowski.com/ndppd-ipv6-ndp-proxy/">IPv6 NDP proxy</a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h4>4.1 Radvd</h4>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>First you can run <code>radvdump</code> to capture a starting configuration.</li>
|
||
<li>A lot of provider use SLAAC to allocate address in v6.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p><em>Example of SLAAC radvd configuration file</em></p>
|
||
<pre><code class="language-nginx ">interface ap0
|
||
{
|
||
AdvSendAdvert on;
|
||
# Note: {Min,Max}RtrAdvInterval cannot be obtained with radvdump
|
||
AdvManagedFlag off;
|
||
AdvOtherConfigFlag off;
|
||
AdvReachableTime 0;
|
||
AdvRetransTimer 0;
|
||
AdvCurHopLimit 64;
|
||
AdvDefaultLifetime 1800;
|
||
AdvHomeAgentFlag off;
|
||
AdvDefaultPreference medium;
|
||
AdvLinkMTU 1500;
|
||
AdvSourceLLAddress on;
|
||
prefix 2a01:xxxx:xxx:xxx::/64
|
||
{
|
||
AdvValidLifetime 86400;
|
||
AdvPreferredLifetime 86400;
|
||
AdvOnLink on;
|
||
AdvAutonomous on;
|
||
AdvRouterAddr off;
|
||
}; # End of prefix definition
|
||
RDNSS fd0f:ee:b0::1
|
||
{
|
||
AdvRDNSSLifetime 86400;
|
||
}; # End of RDNSS definition
|
||
};
|
||
</code></pre>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>Once <code>radvd</code> configured and started your clients on <code>ap0</code> should obtain some ipv6 address.</li>
|
||
<li>But these will not work out of the box because the main router can’t know that these adress are used and reachable.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<h4>4.2 ndppd</h4>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><code>ndppd</code> daemon will forward Neighbor Solicitation messages to the clients. Then the cilents will respond with a Neighbor Advertisement for the router.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<pre><code class="language-nginx ">proxy sta0 {
|
||
autowire yes # Not sure about this option
|
||
rule 2a01:xxxx:xxxx:xxxx::/64 {
|
||
iface ap0
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
</code></pre>
|
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<div id="text-2" class="widget widget_text"><h5>Edito</h5> <div class="textwidget">Bienvenu sur mon blog, ici je parle de bricolage, de web (version de base). Blog perso sans prétention je poste quand j'ai le temps en plus j'aime pas écrire.</div>
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Hier, une chaîne de télé m'appelle pour me f…</span> <span class='entry-meta'><span class='time-meta'><a href="http://twitter.com/HugoPoi/statuses/1471432453902544903">11:50:09 décembre 16, 2021</a></span> <span class='from-meta'>from <a href="https://about.twitter.com/products/tweetdeck" rel="nofollow">TweetDeck</a></span></span> <span class="intent-meta"><a href="http://twitter.com/intent/tweet?in_reply_to=1471432453902544903" data-lang="fr" class="in-reply-to" title="Reply">Reply</a><a href="http://twitter.com/intent/retweet?tweet_id=1471432453902544903" data-lang="fr" class="retweet" title="Retweet">Retweet</a><a href="http://twitter.com/intent/favorite?tweet_id=1471432453902544903" data-lang="fr" class="favorite" title="Favorite">Favorite</a></span></li><li><span class='entry-content'>RT <a href="http://twitter.com/molly_struve" class="twitter-user">@molly_struve</a>: indexes can be helpful as well <a href="https://t.co/lSGnXpRqtU">https://t.co/lSGnXpRqtU</a></span> <span class='entry-meta'><span class='time-meta'><a href="http://twitter.com/HugoPoi/statuses/1470877572380643331">11:05:15 décembre 14, 2021</a></span> <span class='from-meta'>from <a href="https://github.com/TwidereProject" rel="nofollow">Twidere for Android</a></span></span> <span class="intent-meta"><a href="http://twitter.com/intent/tweet?in_reply_to=1470877572380643331" data-lang="fr" class="in-reply-to" title="Reply">Reply</a><a href="http://twitter.com/intent/retweet?tweet_id=1470877572380643331" data-lang="fr" class="retweet" title="Retweet">Retweet</a><a href="http://twitter.com/intent/favorite?tweet_id=1470877572380643331" data-lang="fr" class="favorite" title="Favorite">Favorite</a></span></li><li><span class='entry-content'>It looks good but I think the charger is dead, only ~600mV, seems low, I read 6V is the standby output <a href="https://t.co/VP8zHZSZ31">https://t.co/VP8zHZSZ31</a></span> <span class='entry-meta'><span class='time-meta'><a href="http://twitter.com/HugoPoi/statuses/1470737097619353609">01:47:03 décembre 14, 2021</a></span> <span class='from-meta'>from <a href="https://crossposter.hugopoi.net/" rel="nofollow">Mastodon To Twitter HugoPoi</a></span></span> <span class="intent-meta"><a href="http://twitter.com/intent/tweet?in_reply_to=1470737097619353609" data-lang="fr" class="in-reply-to" title="Reply">Reply</a><a href="http://twitter.com/intent/retweet?tweet_id=1470737097619353609" data-lang="fr" class="retweet" title="Retweet">Retweet</a><a href="http://twitter.com/intent/favorite?tweet_id=1470737097619353609" data-lang="fr" class="favorite" title="Favorite">Favorite</a></span></li><li><span class='entry-content'>RT <a href="http://twitter.com/brutofficiel" class="twitter-user">@brutofficiel</a>: "On ne peut pas dire 'J'irai en réa si je suis malade.' C'est pas possible."
|
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À l'hôpital de Colmar, sur les 17 patients…</span> <span class='entry-meta'><span class='time-meta'><a href="http://twitter.com/HugoPoi/statuses/1470697799146737666">11:10:54 décembre 14, 2021</a></span> <span class='from-meta'>from <a href="https://github.com/TwidereProject" rel="nofollow">Twidere for Android</a></span></span> <span class="intent-meta"><a href="http://twitter.com/intent/tweet?in_reply_to=1470697799146737666" data-lang="fr" class="in-reply-to" title="Reply">Reply</a><a href="http://twitter.com/intent/retweet?tweet_id=1470697799146737666" data-lang="fr" class="retweet" title="Retweet">Retweet</a><a href="http://twitter.com/intent/favorite?tweet_id=1470697799146737666" data-lang="fr" class="favorite" title="Favorite">Favorite</a></span></li><li><span class='entry-content'>RT <a href="http://twitter.com/Ls01" class="twitter-user">@Ls01</a>: - Bonjour je vous appelle pour le compte formation...
|
||
- Ah super, j'attendais votre appel... Notez bien mon prénom dans votre pla…</span> <span class='entry-meta'><span class='time-meta'><a href="http://twitter.com/HugoPoi/statuses/1470697767257485315">11:10:46 décembre 14, 2021</a></span> <span class='from-meta'>from <a href="https://github.com/TwidereProject" rel="nofollow">Twidere for Android</a></span></span> <span class="intent-meta"><a href="http://twitter.com/intent/tweet?in_reply_to=1470697767257485315" data-lang="fr" class="in-reply-to" title="Reply">Reply</a><a href="http://twitter.com/intent/retweet?tweet_id=1470697767257485315" data-lang="fr" class="retweet" title="Retweet">Retweet</a><a href="http://twitter.com/intent/favorite?tweet_id=1470697767257485315" data-lang="fr" class="favorite" title="Favorite">Favorite</a></span></li><li><span class='entry-content'>.@Darty c'est en simple :
|
||
* Pas de facture
|
||
* Un appareil reçu défectueux
|
||
* Aucune solution de réparation
|
||
* Un SAV q… <a href="https://t.co/pGn3Cd2JEW">https://t.co/pGn3Cd2JEW</a></span> <span class='entry-meta'><span class='time-meta'><a href="http://twitter.com/HugoPoi/statuses/1468992623000100867">06:15:08 décembre 09, 2021</a></span> <span class='from-meta'>from <a href="https://about.twitter.com/products/tweetdeck" rel="nofollow">TweetDeck</a></span></span> <span class="intent-meta"><a href="http://twitter.com/intent/tweet?in_reply_to=1468992623000100867" data-lang="fr" class="in-reply-to" title="Reply">Reply</a><a href="http://twitter.com/intent/retweet?tweet_id=1468992623000100867" data-lang="fr" class="retweet" title="Retweet">Retweet</a><a href="http://twitter.com/intent/favorite?tweet_id=1468992623000100867" data-lang="fr" class="favorite" title="Favorite">Favorite</a></span></li><li><span class='entry-content'>Bonjour, <a href="http://twitter.com/Darty" class="twitter-user">@Darty</a> c'est plus possible je crois on est a un niveau pas mal niveau violation du droit de la consommatio… <a href="https://t.co/JPZL84NhjO">https://t.co/JPZL84NhjO</a></span> <span class='entry-meta'><span class='time-meta'><a href="http://twitter.com/HugoPoi/statuses/1468960081387474944">04:05:50 décembre 09, 2021</a></span> <span class='from-meta'>from <a href="https://about.twitter.com/products/tweetdeck" rel="nofollow">TweetDeck</a></span></span> <span class="intent-meta"><a href="http://twitter.com/intent/tweet?in_reply_to=1468960081387474944" data-lang="fr" class="in-reply-to" title="Reply">Reply</a><a href="http://twitter.com/intent/retweet?tweet_id=1468960081387474944" data-lang="fr" class="retweet" title="Retweet">Retweet</a><a href="http://twitter.com/intent/favorite?tweet_id=1468960081387474944" data-lang="fr" class="favorite" title="Favorite">Favorite</a></span></li></ul><div class="follow-button"><a href="http://twitter.com/hugopoi" class="twitter-follow-button" title="Follow @hugopoi" data-lang="fr">@hugopoi</a></div></div></div><div id="categories-3" class="widget widget_categories"><h5>Catégories</h5>
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